Aug. 18. 1989: In retaliation for the Colombian government's increased activity against local drug traffickers, Luis Carlos Galan, the ruling party's presidential hopeful, is assassinated. In the following year two more presidential candidates are murdered.

Aug. 19. 1989: Nobel Peace Prize winner Bishop Desmond Tutu is among hundreds of black demonstrators who are whipped and sandblasted by helicopters as they attempt to picnic on a "whites-only" beach near Capetown, South Africa.

Aug. 20. 1904: Miners seize town of Cripple Creek, Colorado, deport officials. 1981: Crow Indians barricade Hwy. 313 near Hardin, MT, to protest non-Indian fishing on Bighorn River in Crow Reservation.

Aug. 21. 1971: Black liberation activist George Jackson and five others are assassinated by prison guards, San Quentin, CA.

Aug. 22. 1608: Birth of Basua Makin, England. One of the first Western feminists. 1952: Four major American oil companies are sued by the Justice Dept. for overcharging on Middle East oil shipped to Europe under the Marshall Plan.

Aug. 23. 1909: Battle between police and IWW strikers at the Pressed Steel Car Plant in McKees Rock, PA, leaves 11 people dead. The strikers held solid and kept public opinion on their side, eventually forcing the company to concede.

Aug. 24. 1943: Danes from Odensa riot against government compliance with the Nazis.

Aug. 25. 1945: One million Saigonese demonstrate in support of Ho Chi Min'h. 1969: US troops refuse to advance after five days of heavy casualties. One of scores of nonviolent mutinies during Vietnam War. Sonchang Valley, Vietnam.

Aug. 26. 1970: In "Alice Doesn't Day," tens of thousands of women in cities across the US take to the streets to demand equality. Defying mounted police, 50,000 march down New York City's 5th Avenue. Dutch women march on the US embassy in Amsterdam to show their support, while French feminists demonstrate at the Arc de Triomphe, carrying a banner that reads "More Unknown Than the Unknown Soldier: His Wife."

Aug. 27. 1983: Three hundred thousand march in Washington on 20th anniversary of MLK's "I Have A Dream" speech. It was the second "March on Washington for Jobs, Peace, and Freedom."

Aug. 28. 1828: Birth of Leo Tolstoy, author and anarchist pacifist, Yasnay, Polyana, Russia. Major influence on Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Aug. 29. 1970: Three die in East LA when an anti-war march turns into a riot during Chicano National Moratorium. Thousands of Chicanos gather at Laguna Park to protest disproportionate number of deaths of Chicano soldiers in Vietnam. LAPD attack, and one shot, fired into Silver Dollar Bar, kills Ruben Salazar, LA Times columnist and commentator on KMEX TV (accused by LAPD of inciting the Chicano community.)

Aug. 30. 1918: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is shot and wounded by Fanya Kaplan after speaking at a factory in Moscow. Kaplan and her accomplice sister, Dora, are thought to be members of the Social Revolutionary Party, a political party in opposition to Lenin's Bolshevik revolutionaries.

Aug. 31. 1895: First issue of Julius Wyland's Kansas-based socialist newspaper, An Appeal to Reason, is published. 1980: "Solidarity" workers movement founded at Lenin Shipyards, Gdansk, Poland.